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绿化护坡常见的经济实惠的灌木品种

Common economical shrub varieties for greening and slope protection

在灌木与草本植物护坡体系中灌草植物的存在增加了地面的粗糙度降低了雨水对坡面的侵蚀作用减小了风速能加强林草带的防护效果。

The presence of grasses in the shrub and herbaceous slope protection system increases the roughness of the ground and reduces the erosion of the rain on the slope. The wind speed can enhance the protective effect of the forest and grass belt.

通过现场调查、试验和研究得出以下结论：

Through field investigation, experiment and research, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1、灌草植物护坡要求坡体自身具有一定的稳定性和良好的植物生境条件。

1. The slope protection of shrub grass requires that the slope itself has certain stability and good plant habitats.

2、灌草植物护坡应具备防治地表水土流失、崩塌、浅层滑坡和改善生态环境等原则且应选择根系发达覆盖面积大抗逆性强根系抗拉、抗剪强度大景观效应强的植物进行护坡。

2. The slope protection should be provided with the principles of preventing and controlling soil erosion, collapse, shallow landslides and improving the ecological environment, and should choose plants with strong root system covering area with large resistance and strong shear strength and strong shear strength.

3、灌草植物茎叶对雨滴的分层拦截和缓冲作用可降低或避免雨水对地面的直接溅蚀草本根系的加筋作用和灌木根系的锚固作用相结合有利增强坡体的稳定性。

3. The intercepting and buffering effect of the stem and leaf of the plant on the raindrop can reduce or avoid the reinforcement effect of rainwater on the ground and the anchorage of the shrub root system, which is beneficial to enhance the stability of the slope.

4、在灌草植物护坡中采用茎杆直立型草本与疏丛型草本组合、主直根型灌木与水平根型灌木组合、主直根型灌木与须根型草本组合、茎杆疏丛型草本与直立型灌木等组合方式既能直到固土护坡的作用又能增强坡面的生态效应。

4. The combination of stem erect and sparse herbage, the combination of the main root type shrubs and the horizontal root shrubs, the combination of the main root type shrubs and the fibrous root type herbs, the stem shrub herbaceous herbs and the erect shrubs, can not only improve the ecological effect of the slope, but also improve the ecological effect of the slope.

银合欢灌木或小乔木，常生于低海拔的荒地或疏林中。幼株对冻害比较敏感，成熟植株具有较强的抗冻害能力。由于银合欢根系能够深入到土壤深层，因此抗旱能力非常强。花期４~７月，果期８~１１月。种子繁殖。

Shrubs or small trees of Leucaena Leucaena, often found in wasteland or sparse forests at low altitudes. Young plants are more sensitive to freezing injury, and mature plants have stronger ability to resist freezing injury. Because Leucaena root can penetrate deep into the soil, it has strong drought resistance. The flowering period is 4~7 months, and the fruit period is 8~11 month. Seed reproduction.

常用的护坡灌木习性如下：

The commonly used slope protection shrubs are as follows:

1、木豆 矮灌木，高1～3米，多分枝。小枝柔弱，有纵沟纹，被灰色柔毛。托叶小；小叶3枚，卵状披针形，长5～10厘米，宽2～3厘米，先端锐尖，全缘，两面均有毛，下面并有不明显腺点。总状花序，腋生；萼钟形，萼齿5，披针形；花冠黄红色，长约1.8厘米，旗瓣背面有紫褐色纵线纹；雄蕊(9十1)2组；花柱细长线形，基部有短柔毛，柱头单、一。荚果长5～8厘米，阔至1厘米，先端渐尖，密被黄色短柔毛；种子3～5粒，近圆形，种皮暗红色，有时有褐色斑点。花期4月(广州)。生于山坡、砂地、旷地、丛林中或林边。分布四川，广东，广西、台湾等地；

1, pea dwarf shrubs, 1~3 meters high, many branches. Branchlets are weak, with longitudinal furrows and gray pubescence. Stipules small; leaflets 3, ovate lanceolate, 5~10 cm long, 2~3 cm wide, apex acute, entire, both sides hairy, underneath and marked by glandular spots. Racemes, axillary; calyx bell shaped, calyx teeth 5, lanceolate; corolla yellow red, 1.8 cm long, purple brown longitudinal lines on the back of the petal; stamens (91) 2 groups; stylus line, base with pubescence, stigma single, one. Pod 5~8 cm long, 1 cm wide, apex acuminate, densely yellow pubescent; seeds 3~5, nearly round, seed coat dark red, sometimes brown spots. Flowering April (Guangzhou). Born in hillsides, sandy land, open land, jungle or forest. Distribution in Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan and other places.

2、多花木兰豆科多年生灌木，花为桃红色，5月上旬至9月下旬为开花期，1年生植株可达1.6米，枝条密生，每公斤种子约14万粒左右，播种量5g/m2。是长江流域首选的护坡产品。

2, the perennial shrub of Domu Lan legume, flower is peach red, from early May to late September is the flowering period, 1 years of plant up to 1.6 meters, branches dense, about 140 thousand seeds per kilogram of seeds, sowing amount 5g/m2. It is the first choice of slope protection products in the Yangtze River Basin.

3、盐肤木漆树科多年生木本植物。秋叶红色。喜温暖湿润气候，也能耐一定寒冷和干旱。耐瘠薄，根系发达，有很强的萌蘖性。在园林绿化中，可作为观叶、观果的树种。现在也用于边坡绿化中。

3. Perennial woody plants of the family lacquer tree of Rhus chinensis. Autumn leaves are red. Warm and humid climate and cold and drought. It is barren and thin, with well-developed roots and strong sprouting. In landscaping, it can be used as foliage and fruit tree. Now it is also used in slope greening.

4、脱壳紫穗槐豆科木本植物，落叶灌木，高1～4m，花小，蓝紫色，花期5～6月；根系发达，在干旱的坡地上也能生长，对土壤的要求不严。我国东北、华北、西北广泛栽培。每公斤种子约10万粒，单播5g/m2

4. The woody plants of the deciduous Sophora japonica, deciduous shrubs, 1 to 4m high, small flowers, blue purple, and 5~6 months of flowering; the roots are developed and can grow on the arid slopes, and the requirements for the soil are not strict. The northeast, North and northwest of China are widely cultivated. About 100 thousand seeds per kilogram, unicast 5g/m2

5、刺槐豆科落叶乔木；花白色，花果期4-6月。强阳性树，喜干燥而凉爽的气候，耐寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄，因生长迅速，有涵养水源、保持水土的作用。3-4月播种繁殖。每公斤5万粒，播种量约6g/m2；我国广布于东北铁岭以南至长江流域。

5. Robinia pseudoacacia deciduous trees; flowers white, flowering period 4-6 months. Strong positive trees, like dry and cool climate, are cold, drought resistant and barren. Because of their rapid growth, they have the function of conserving water and maintaining soil and water. Sowing and breeding in 3-4 months. 50 thousand kg per kilogram, sowing about 6g/m2; China is widely distributed in the northeast of Tieling to the Yangtze River Valley.

6、马棘半灌木，高达90厘米。小枝被丁字毛。小叶9－11，椭圆形、倒卵形或倒卵状随圆形，长1－2.5厘米，先端或微凹，基部圆楔形，小叶柄、叶轴及叶两面均被丁字毛。花序长3－10厘米；花冠淡红或紫红色。果棍棒形，长1.5－3厘米，幼时密被丁字毛。花期5月；果期9－10月。栽培管理 ：马棘具有抗旱、耐脊生活力强的特点，由其在岩石山、风化石山等偏碱性土壤中生长良好，每年12月份种子成熟，种植以每年4-6月和9-10月为最佳。

6, the horse spinous semi shrubs, up to 90 centimeters high. The branchlets are woolen. Lobules 9-11, oval, obovate or oval shaped with round, 1 - 2.5 cm long, apex or micro concave, base circular wedge, small petiole, leaf axis and leaf both sides are T-shaped hair. Inflorescence 3-10 cm long; corolla light red or purplish red. Fruit clubs are 1.5 to 3 cm long and are densely covered with T-shaped hair when young. The flowering period is May; the fruit period is 9-10 months. Cultivation management: the horse thorn has the characteristics of drought resistance and strong resistance to ridge, which grows well in alkaline soil such as rock mountain and weathered stone mountain. The seed is mature in December and is best for 4-6 months and 9-10 months of the year.

7、山毛豆豆科；灰叶属灌木株高1-3M，枝有棱，密生褐色或灰色绒毛。奇数羽状复叶；叶面无毛，叶背密生白色平贴长柔毛。总状花序顶生或腋生，长15-20CM；花冠长约2CM。荚果长7-10CM，宽约8MM，密生褐色平贴丝毛，有种子10-15粒。每千克种子约5万粒。奇数羽状复叶；小叶11-25枚，长椭圆形，长3-6.5㎝，宽0.8-1.0㎝，先端锐形。花白色，单生或排成顶生总状花序。荚果长6-10㎝，宽7-9㎜。每千克种子约5万粒。分布地区: 栽培于云南、广西、广东、福建等地。习性特点: 适应性强，耐酸、耐瘠、耐旱，喜阳，稍耐轻霜，适于丘陵红壤坡地种植。

7. Cashmere family; ash leaf shrubs are 1-3M tall, branched, densely brownish or gray. Odd pinnate compound leaves; leaf surface glabrous, leaves densely white, flat villous. Racemes terminal or axillary, long 15-20CM; corolla ca. 2CM. The pod is 7-10CM long and about 8MM wide, densely brownish and smooth, with 10-15 seeds. About 50 thousand seeds per kilogram. Odd pinnate compound leaves; leaflets 11-25, long elliptic, 3-6.5 long, 0.8-1.0 wide, apex sharp. Flowers white, solitary or in a terminal raceme. The length of the pod is 6-10, and the width is 7-9. About 50 thousand seeds per kilogram. Distribution areas: cultivated in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and other places. Characteristics of habit: strong adaptability, acid resistance, barren, drought resistant, Yang like, slightly resistant to light frost, suitable for hilly red soil slope planting.

应用价值：采用底泥微生物原位生态修复、河岸生态护坡等进行立体生态修复技术，收到固土护坡，恢复生态的作用。

Applied value: the three-dimensional ecological restoration technology is used in the ecological restoration of the sediment microbe in situ and the ecological slope protection of the riverbank, and the effect of retaining the slope and restoring the ecology is received.

8、黄荆 小枝具有四棱，枝条密生灰白色的细绒毛；叶子搓揉後会有刺鼻的气味。掌状复叶、对生，小叶3至5枚，前端长尖；圆锥形聚繖花序顶生，花小型，花冠为淡紫色呈唇形5裂；核果卵状球形。茎皮的纤维组织是造纸的优

8. The branches of Vitex negundo have four edges, and their branches are densely gray and white. Palmatlike compound leaf, opposite leaf, lobule 3 to 5, front-end long apex; conical polycyme apex, flower small, corolla with lilac 5 cleft lip; oval shaped globose. The fibrous tissue of the stem skin is the advantage of paper making